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Confined Space
Below are some key points emphasized in the confined space safety training held on March 18, 1999. The session was conducted by Rick Gleason of PREZANT ASSOCIATES, with help from Richard Miller of INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC and Dave Larimer of VALLEN SAFETY. [Spring, 1999]
 Whenever possible, eliminate the hazardous condition in the confined space. This will eliminate the need to comply with the permit-required confined space requirements. (However, other safety and health regulations would apply to the confined space just as they would for all other worksites. e.g., emergency preparedness, welding safety, hearing conservation, asbestos).
The appropriate method for eliminating the hazardous condition must be determined for each worksite based upon testing and monitoring using the correct equipment. In general, however, the desirable method is to ventilate fresh, good air into the space. (NOT pure oxygen IN to space, NOT suck bad air OUT of space).
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Electrical
Confused about assured grounding vs ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) requirements? You are not alone. At the 6/19/98 Construction Advisory Committee meeting, Michael Woods stated that a Washington Interim Memo (WIM) would be issued to eliminate the confusion. Here’s the unofficial story about assured grounding vs GFCI. The National Electrical Code changes last year [in 1997] affected the requirements under the building codes. Thus, electrical inspectors enforcing building code requirements will not allow assured grounding programs on construction sites. However, these changes do not affect safety & health requirements as outlined in 296-155-447(2)(a)(iii), Part I Electrical Safety in the Safety Construction Codes. Thus, safety & health compliance officers should not issue a citation for use of an assured grounding program so long as it meets the requirements in 296-155. Again, be watching for the official WIM on this. [Summer, 1998]
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Environmental Safety
Do you work in facilities where workers handle and process mail? The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently issued guidelines for protecting workers from bio-terrorist hazards in facilities like post offices, mail distribution and handling centers, bulk mailing centers, priority mail processing centers, public and private mail rooms and other settings where workers handle and process mail. Among other items, this advisory includes recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) and protective measures that should be taken in the building’s HVAC system. These guidelines apply to all workers, including contractors, who are on the premises. To view the complete advisory, visit http://www.bt.cdc.gov [Summer, 2002]
Environmental Safety Part I held on February 15, 2001 was well-attended and received. 70 employees representing 17 SMACNA contractors participated in Part I of this two-part series. The topic was Biohazards in Healthcare, Medical & Laboratory Facilities. Presenters were: Will Shelton, M(ASCP), Manager of Epidemiology and Employee Health at SWEDISH HOSPITAL and Frank Turman, Safety Director for SELLEN CONSTRUCTION. Here are some key points emphasized in the training. [Spring, 2001]
Biohazards, particularly those that are airborne, can affect more than workers in the immediate work area. They are especially dangerous for persons with compromised immune systems.
You can NEVER plan ahead for every issue – be prepared to plan, check, re-check and modify as necessary
Pre-job Planning Activities:*
Identify all potential hazards and develop a plan for addressing them. Make sure site-specific written plans are developed where required. (Here are some to consider: exposure control, lockout/tagout, permit-required confined space, hot work permits, lead, asbestos)
Identify safety staff that will be involved on the project and define their roles and responsibilities. Make arrangements for training before and during the project, as well as for audits of the worksite. (Consider using your GL carrier’s loss control consultant as well as internal staff)
* An excellent resource to use in identifying potential hazards related to indoor air quality during construction is the SMACNA National publication IAQ Guidelines For Occupied Buildings Under Construction. It gives an excellent overview of the types of air-borne pollutants as well as when and where they are likely to be encountered. It can be ordered through the chapter office or by contacting the National office directly.
Tips for Facility Preparation:
Decommission the work area by removing all chemicals and radioactive materials, and de-energizing all power sources (special areas include lab & dialysis areas, pharmacy, pathology, microbiology, research labs, emergency rooms, x-ray areas);
Isolate the work are mechanically, electrically, environmentally and identify areas where cell phones/pagers/radios may interfere with hospital operations or will not work;
Conduct a survey of the building looking for sharps, asbestos, lead, PCBs, mercury lights, mold, abandoned/isolated/undocumented waste pipes & duct work systems.
Prior to Mobilization make sure there are plans for the following in place:
Daily interim life safety plans, particularly where fire protection and other emergency systems may be compromised. Plan should include details for re-establishing life safety systems at the end of the day.
Infection control (assuring patient safety, removal of debris, dust control, water control)
Discovery of “mystery” chemicals
Radiation concerns
Reporting incidents
Obtaining emergency assistance
Remediation of water damage
Mold remediation
Removal of rodent & bird droppings
Noisy operations
Dusty operations (HEPA filtration and/or negative air enclosure)
Vibration-inducing operations
Odor-producing operations
Welding/cutting operations that might produce smoke/odor/embers
Communication during construction is key:
Establish communication procedures between contractor & client staff
Determine, and make clearly recognizable, who has authority to stop (& re-start work)
Consider routine weekly meetings with key staff to discuss schedule (post memos?)
Plan ahead and clearly communicate information about projected shutdowns (include a back-up plan)
Communicate to contiguous areas that may be affected by any work in progress
Worker safety considerations:
Pre-job precautions (no communicable disease, have current Hepatitis B and other vaccinations and TB skin test)
Properly decommission the work area to remove biological hazards
For protection from radiation, wear radiation badges and get them developed weekly.
For shielding from lead, practice good hygiene procedures, wash hands & face, clean up with HEPA vacuums
Equipment Indemnification
As the owner, renter or lessor of construction equipment, can your company be held liable for harm caused when it is used by another company’s employee? You bet! To limit this liability, some contractors require a form to be signed that waives liability and provides indemnification.
Three examples have been attached for you to consider in developing and adopting for your company. Prior to use, you should have any document reviewed and approved by your attorney to make sure it is compatible with your company’s operations and policies. [Summer, 1999]
Example #1 Your company would be “Contractor”
USE OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
WAIVER AND INDEMNITY
This agreement made this ________ day of ___________, 19__ by and between _____________ hereinafter called the “Contractor”, and _____________________ hereinafter called “Third Party Contractor”.
In consideration of the willingness of the “Contractor” to allow the undersigned “Third Party Contractor” to use equipment, materials or scaffolding owned by “Contractor”, the undersigned, through its authorized representative, hereby agrees:
1.To assume complete responsibility for the use of “Contractor’s” equipment, materials or scaffolding and shall reimburse “Contractor” for any damage during “Third Party Contractor’s” use.
2.To indemnify and hold “Contractor,” its agents, servants, employees, officers or directors harmless against all claims, damages and losses (including all legal fees) for injury to persons, including employees of “Third Party Contractor,” and employees of subcontractors, or damage to property arising out of or resulting from its use or operation.
The “Third Party Contractor” through its authorized representative has warranted that an inspection of the equipment, materials or scaffolding has been performed and is in proper working conditions or has been erected in accordance with all WAC/OSHA regulations.
No modifications of such materials, equipment or scaffolding shall be done without the written consent of the “Contractor”.
Dated: _________________
“Third Party Contractor”“Contractor”
By: _____________________By:____________________
(Its authorized representative)(Its authorized representative)
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Example #2Your company would be “Contractor”
RELEASE AND INDEMNIFICATION
[Company Name] ____________________________________, a [state] ______________________ Corporation, hereinafter called the “Third Party Contractor,” in consideration of its use of equipment owned and/or provided by [company name] _________________________ hereinafter called “Contractor” at the [project site] ______________________________ hereby releases any and all claims for loss, costs (including attorney’s fees), damages, expenses, and liability arising due to any damage to property or person, including and resulting from Third Party Contractor’s use of such equipment.
Third Party Contractor agrees to hold harmless and indemnify Contractor, and its agents and employees, from any and all losses, costs (including attorney’s fees), damages, expenses, and liability arising from or connected with claims for bodily injury or death, property loss or damage, by whomever such claims may be asserted, which are based in full or in part upon any act or omission in the use of said equipment on the part of Third Party Contractor, its agents, servants, or employees.
__________________________________ Third Party Contractor
__________________________________ (signature)
__________________________________ (title)
__________________________________ (date)
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Example #3Your company name would be inserted on bottom line
EQUIPMENT WAIVER RELEASE FORM
Type of equipment:_____________________________________________
Date:_________________________________________________________
Name:________________________________________________________
Employer Company Name:_______________________________________
Employer Company Address:______________________________________
Employer Company Phone:_______________________________________
Drivers License#:_______________________________________________
Expiration Date:________________________________________________
Signature:_________________________ Date: _____________
The above-signed holds all responsibility for use of this equipment. (Company Name) shall be released of all liabilities during my use of this equipment.
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Ergonomics
Here's the latest about ergonomics: [Winter, 2004]
The WISHA rule has been repealed: On December 10, 2003, the Department of Labor & Industries sent out a broadcast email announcing that WAC 296-62 Part A-1 was repealed. Passage of I-841 immediately repealed the existing WISHA state ergonomics regulation and directed the Department of Labor & Industries NOT to adopt new ergonomics regulations unless a federal OSHA standard is required. FYI, the text of the rule will be maintained in the archives at http://listserv.wa.gov/archives/wisha-standards.html
Status of the legal challenge: The lawsuit against the Department of Labor & Industries seeking invalidation of the rule was heard before the WA State Supreme Court on May 22, 2003. In light of the repeal of the rule, the Court may decide not to issue an opinion - or it may choose to issue an opinion and address other arguments raised by the business community in this lawsuit (e.g., whether L&I exceeded its rule-making authority in promulgating this rule). Based on past practice, a decision could be rendered as late as two years after oral arguments.
Impact of passage of Initiative 841 on compliance: No formal communication has been published by L&I since the rule was repealed. However, if OSHA practice is followed, it is likely that employers could still be subject to a citation under the General Duty Standard for ergonomic hazards in their workplaces. That is, although no written ergonomics program is required and no minimum standards for hazard reduction are published, employers are still required to identify workplace hazards workers are likely to encounter and protect workers through elimination/reduction activities. l
Suggested resources for hazard identification and reduction:
- The Physical Stress Management Program published by the Sheet Metal Occupational Health Institute Trust (SMOHIT). This contains a PowerPoint presentation and written materials such as Lessons Learned of suggestions for hazard reduction, ToolBox Talks and a Worker Handbook. Contact Gary Batykefer at SMOHIT to order this resource at 703-739-7130 or gbatykefer@sheetmetal-iti.org
- The TurboErgo CD can be ordered by SMACNA Western WA chapter members. This turn-key computer program contains excellent tools to help with assessing vibration hazards and calculating changes in lifting requirements. Contact Mary Hollins at 206-285-4144 or mary@hollinsrmc.com to order.
- Contact your local L&I office or check out the L&I website at www.lni.wa.gov/wisha under the topic "ergonomics" for a list of suggested best practices and/or services available.
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Fall Protection
The 24th work-related fatality of 2003 involved a sheet metal worker who fell through a roof hole preparing to set roof curbs. This incident was the second of the year involving a fatal fall from elevation in construction. FYI, since 1994, there had been eight previous fatalities reported through August, 2002 under the workers' compensation sheet metal risk classifications. A Fatality Narrative, published by the Washington Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) section of the State Department of Labor & Industries was produced. It is titled "Sheet Metal Worker Falls Through Opening in Roof." It is Sharp Report number 71-13-2003; Case number 03WA029; Release Date: August 19, 2003. For more information, contact the Safety and Health Assessment and Research Prevention (SHARP) Program at 1-888-667-4277. You can download this Narrative and others at http://www.lni.wa.gov/sharp/face/facepubs.htm [Fall, 2003]
Looking for fall protection anchor point options? Check out a new product available from SafeWaze: RB Anchor #4010, a removable, reusable anchor point for concrete applications. Call SafeWaze at 704-786-1290 or check out its website at www.safewaze.com [Winter, 2003]
Do you use DBI/SALA and Protecta self retracting lifelines (SRLs)?? If so, you should contact the manufacturer to obtain information about its new factory recertification requirements for SRLs manufactured or serviced after January 1, 2003. Call 800-328-6146 or email to solutions@dbisala.com or visit the website www.salagroup.com [Spring, 2003]
If you use the Miller® brand of self retracting lifelines (SRLs), contact the manufacturer to obtain a copy of Technical Brief 102 "Horizontal Use of Self-Retracting Lifelines." This brief provides information and guidance when an overhead anchorage point is not available and an SRL must be mounted at or below the back D-ring of the user's harness. Dalloz Fall Protection can be reached by phone at 814-432-2118 or visit the website at www.chrisitandalloz.com [Fall, 2003]
Do you know the difference between a leading edge and a walkway? At the Spring, 2000 Construction Advisory Committee (CAC), this question came up since different compliance requirements apply based on this classification. If work is being performed on the leading edge, the fall protection requirements, which trigger at 10 feet, apply. If there is no work being performed on the leading edge, the surface is considered a walkway, subject to the 4-foot guardrail rule. [Summer, 2000]
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Fire Protection
October is fire safety month. Have you ever had a fire extinguisher demonstration for your employees? Why not contact your local fire department and see if someone can conduct a session for you. It’s fun – and extremely beneficial. Also consider producing signs to hang next to all of your extinguishers that contain the following wording: [Fall, 1998]
- PULL the pin:This unlocks the operating lever and allows you to
discharge the extinguisher.
- AIM low:Point the extinguisher or nozzle at the base of the fire.
- SQUEEZE the lever:This discharges the extinguishing agent. Releasing the lever will stop the discharge.
- SWEEP from side to side: Moving carefully toward the fire, keep the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire and sweep back and forth until the flames appear to be out. Watch the area and repeat if the fire reignites.
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Flagging
Requirements for flagging can be found in the Construction Safety Standards Part E, WAC 296-155-305. Here are some resources for flagger training: [Spring, 2002]
- Contact the Kirkland JATC (425-823-5737) or the Lacey JATC (360-459-9118) to see if a class is being offered through the continuing education program
- Flagging train-the trainer classes are offered periodically through the Evergreen Safety Council (800-521-0778). It is a 2-day class (8 hours each day).
- For a 6-hour flagger training class, contact Jennifer Richards at APPROACH Management Services (206-626-0846). For a cost per person, she will provide a workbook and a certification good for 3 years.
- Check your local community college as well.
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Forklift
The forklift regulation in Washington took effect on March 1, 2000. Training for operators has always been required. The new rule merely details what must be provided, when and how. No “certification” is required but documentation of training must be kept. According to the regulation: “training shall consist of a combination of formal instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer learning, video tape, written material), practical training (demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical exercises performed by the trainee), and evaluation of the operator's performance in the workplace. All operator training and evaluation shall be conducted by persons who have the knowledge, training, and experience to train powered industrial truck operators and evaluate their competence.” Re-training is required at least every 3 years or sooner if unsafe behavior, an incident or job task changes occur. See WAC 296-24 230 Powered Industrial Trucks for the code requirements. Call Mary Hollins at SMACNA if you need a copy of the sample Accident Prevention Program materials distributed in early 1999. [Winter, 2000]
Here are some answers to frequently asked questions about Powered Industrial Trucks (forklifts) WAC 296-24 Part D: [Summer, 2000]
When does the new regulation apply to my business?
The Washington regulation went into effect as of 3/1/00. Thus, all operators of forklifts must be trained to the new standard as of this date. Compliance officers began enforcing as of this date!!!
Must operators be “certified”?
While the word “certified” appears in the federal rule, it is not used in the Washington regulation. However, what both rules require is that: 1. all operators be “trained,” 2. training be documented and 3. the documentation be maintained. In addition to keeping files of sign-in sheets & outlines, many vendors and employers choose to give cards to workers to carry. Remember, training must be specific by manufacturer & model type. The new rule contains a list of specific items that must be covered in the training.
Who can provide the training?
The training “must be conducted by persons who have the knowledge, training and experience to train and evaluate operators.” No special education or credentials are required. However, many companies are sending 1 or 2 experienced operators to train-the-trainer sessions offered by vendors, manufacturers or equipment consultants.
What’s different about the new requirements?
Previous regulations required that operators be trained. These changes merely specify training program components: what must be provided, by whom, how often and the documentation requirements.
(See WAC 296-24-23025 for training provisions.) The training must be a combination of “formalized instruction, practical training and evaluation of operator performance.” There is a list of specific items that must be covered in the training.
Here are some resource options for developing and providing training:
- “Formalized instruction” involves those topics that teach the basics about the operation of all forklifts.
Resources: vendor reps, videos/pamphlets, WISHA/OSHA website training materials
- “Practical training” involves topics that teach how to operate a specific forklift (manufacturer & model), as well as the work area where the equipment is to be used.
Resources: vendor reps, designated trainers.
- “Evaluation of operator performance” involves the trainer observing a trainee demonstrate the safe operation of a specific forklift. Many employers use a written test as well
An EXCELLENT resource to check when providing basic forklift operation training is the Department of Labor & Industries website. It is constantly being updated with new resources that are available to download for FREE. Go to www.lni.wa.gov/wisha under the topic "forklift (powered industrial trucks)". [Spring, 2002]
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Hand Protection
Use caution before adopting mandatory hand protection policies. In an effort to reduce hand injuries, many general contractors have begun to require hand protection for all employees at worksites. This has usually been translated to mean all workers must wear gloves. General requirements for personal protective equipment are contained in WAC 296-155-200, Part C of the Safety Standards for Construction Work. Blanket, universal requirements for glove use may neither be safe nor feasible since the type of glove used must also be determined and may vary with the task being performed. Improper use of gloves may increase rather than decrease the risk of harm. Any decision to use hand protection must be made based on the hazard related to the task being performed. Other forms of hand protection may be more appropriate for certain tasks and/or settings. Guards, interlock switches and special work practices are examples of alternatives. Regardless of which method is chosen, providing the proper equipment and adequate training on its use are essential components of any hand protection program. [Winter, 1999]
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Hearing Conservation
Check back for information.
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Hoisting & Rigging
Below are a few key points emphasized in the hoisting & rigging training sessions held in February and September, 2000. Information at these sessions was presented by safety directors from large SMACNA contractors, vendors and L&I consultants. [Spring/Fall, 2000]
Part F and Part L of WAC 296-155 contain the minimum employee safety code requirements for hoisting & rigging. No site-specific written plan is required by these codes. However, without a plan, providing a safe operation and/or proving that minimum regulatory and insurance requirements were met would be a challenge. The handouts from both sessions included several sample programs that were provided by safety directors from large sheet metal firms, as well as L&I. These programs are excellent templates to model after in satisfying obligations under the WAC. They also address concerns a general liability carrier might have.
In addition to the regulations, refer to Washington Regional Directive (WRD) 29.72. This WRD clarifies the language in the Crane safety regulations related to use of tag lines. A copy of the WRD can be obtained by calling L&I or via download from the L&I webpage.
In a lift operation, a sheet metal contractor is responsible for everything below the hook. This includes all aspects about the load being lifted, the rigging used and all other conditions related to the operation. Because each operation is unique, pre-planning and careful execution are crucial. A written plan that is well-developed and effectively communicated to all affected by the lift: enhances jobsite safety, satisfies regulatory and insurance requirements, and promotes efficiency and productivity on the job.
Consider spending the extra dollars by contracting with the crane or helicopter company to supply a person on site to serve as the signal person on the roof. Some larger cranes automatically include an oiler whose function it is to stay on the ground near the equipment. Even if your person is competent in signaling, using the other company’s person lessens the likelihood of problems with miscommunication and frees your people up to handle the load.
Use extra care when undertaking an aerial lift around energized power lines. Here are some recommendations that were published following a death in Alaska: ensure that all staging areas are clearly marked and located outside a 20-foot safety zone around overhead power lines; use an extended safety zone when aerial lifts cannot be done downwind of the lines; provide 2-way radios for communication between the pilot and the spotter on the ground and make sure that both are familiar with the verbal and hand signals to be used; provide insulated gloves and footwear for all working near power lines; make sure emergency preparedness plans minimize response times during emergencies; consider using non-conductive cables when airlifting loads over or near power lines.
Subscribe to two valuable publications, CraneWorks Magazine and Lift Equipment. This was strongly encouraged by Jim Sims, the L&I Safety consultant who gave a presentation as part of the session. Subscriptions may be FREE or extremely low cost for companies “actively engaged in the lifting industry.”
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Jobsite Documentation
Here is some basic information about jobsite safety documentation requirements.
- As employers, sheet metal contractors must follow occupational safety & health laws and regulations in providing a safe workplace for their employees. In the State of Washington, these are the WISHA laws and the Washington Administrative Codes (WAC). Specifically for the sheet metal industry these are: WAC 296-800 (Safety & Health Core Rules); WAC 296-155 (Safety Standards for Construction Work); WAC 296-24 (General Safety & Health Standards) and WAC 296-62 (General Occupational Health Codes. Many of these code sections require site-specific written documentation (e.g., the requirement for a fall protection work plan when workers are exposed to fall hazards over 10 feet under WAC 296-155 Part C-1 Fall Protection.)
- As subcontractors, they may be required to provide additional site-specific documentation by contractual agreement. The justification for requiring this documentation is to provide protection against potential lawsuits for negligence and WISHA citations related to overall jobsite safety. This came about when, in 1990, the Washington Supreme Court held in Stute v. PBMC that a general contractor (and a prime contractor) could be held liable for an injury to a subcontractor's employee that occurred as a result of a Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act (WISHA) violation. To help general/prime contractors avoid parallel WISHA citations for subcontractor violations, the Department of Labor & Industries produced a document that outlines what a general/prime contractor must provide to demonstrate that its overall site safety program is “effective in practice.” This document is commonly known as the Stute Washington Regional Directive (WRD 27.00). It was first published in 1993 and was revised in 2001. If you have not already done so, you should read the WRD carefully. In its new question and answer format, it contains information that should be integrated into your contract negotiation process, particularly on projects involving construction management firms and/or where your company has a prime contractor role. To obtain a copy of the Stute WRD 27.00 from L&I, call your local L&I office or see the website address under the Handy Websites section below. [Winter, 2002]
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Labor & Industries Information
Here is information about two types of Labor & Industries-related information that are a matter of public record: workers' compensation experience factors and safety & health citation history. When searching, beware of similar names and/or changes in legal status which may make the information listed inaccurate!!!! [Fall, 2003]
Are you taking advantage of WISHA resources? With the advances in technology, WISHA has expanded the methods it uses to distribute information and communicate – all of which require computer capability. Most require internet access as well. While paper copies of documents and notices are still available, timeliness in requesting and obtaining them will become more problematic over time. [Summer, 2002]
- Check out the WISHA website (http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha)
On the home page, click on "WISHA University" to access various on-line presentations and courses, many of which are downloadable. It can also be checked for information about publications and videos available. Topics applicable to sheet metal for which materials are readily available include: flaggers, forklifts, respiratory protection, job safety analysis and noise.
- Sign up to receive WISHA Safety & Health regulation changes via email
Register to be added to the "WISHA Standards Listserv." You can receive safety and health information electronically via email notice (such as information on rule proposals, public hearings and rule amendments)
- Order WISHA Safety & Health Rules on CD ROM
Make arrangements to receive copies of regulations on CD ROM rather than paper. Visit the L&I website to sign up (http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha)
- Download FACE Fatality Narratives to use for training
The WA Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program has begun to develop one-page reports. These reports summarize a work-related fatal incident, list some requirements and recommendations that may have prevented the incident from occurring, and give a brief statistical summary. For more information, contact the Safety and Health Assessment and Research Prevention (SHARP) Program at 1-888-667-4277. An archive of these reside and are available for download at http://www.lni.wa.gov/sharp/face/facepubs.htm
Want to know how WISHA "selects" contractors for visits? On August 13, 2001, Washington Regional Directive (WRD) 2.15 "Targeting WISHA Activities (Construction) was published. This is the compliance directive issued by the Department for regional compliance supervisors to use in managing appropriately the enforcement resources in their regions. This includes the system for scheduling both programmed visits and unannounced visits. Six levels of priority are listed as well as company definitions based on size (large = 26+ Full Time Equivalent employees (FTEs); intermediate = 11-25 FTEs; small = 2-10 FTEs). History of prior inspections and high experience factors are the factors that trigger placement on the list. In 2001, the Department announced that names of the contractors on these target lists would NOT be published. However, this practice has recently been questioned and may be subject to change. This may have potential impact beyond WISHA in that information may be used by non-governmental parties for decision-making purposes (e.g., awarding of contracts). To obtain a copy of this rule go to http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha Select "Policies and Laws" from the choices on the left side of the page. Click on "Washington Regional Directives (WRDs)" and search for 2.15. [Summer, 2003]
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Machine Guarding
Information on machine guarding - press brake safety. Reducing amputations is one target program underway by OSHA. Thus, contractors that work in states under OSHA jurisdiction (e.g., Idaho) may see an increase in compliance visits related to this issue. While WISHA has not adopted this campaign per se, contractors in Washington with high experience factors that are on compliance target lists continue to have problems with machine guarding violations.
Most of these are being issued due to lack of guards on pieces of equipment so old that they were purchased prior to guard installation requirements – and ready-made guards are not available through the manufacturer. In many cases, WISHA has required contractors to fabricate and install guards to provide this preferred level of protection. Contractors have relied on use of "safe distance work practice procedures" as outlined in the SMACNA National Press Brake Safety Compliance Kit as the method to protect workers from injury on these machines. However, in order to utilize a work practice method for work performed on a particular piece of equipment, an employer must do ALL of the following:
- Demonstrate that a physical barrier and device is NOT feasible AND
- Limit use of work practice procedures to fabrication of small quantity runs of custom pieces AND
- Have a workplace history of employees operating the equipment safely AND
- Maintain a safety program which includes safe work practices, training, supervision and periodic inspections. [Summer, 2002]
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National Resources (SMACNA, SMOHIT, ITI)
Here is a partial list of some publications.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 5000 Code - this code contains provisions for every aspect of design and construction of buildings and structures, as well as the creation of building systems for health, safety, comfort and convenience. A free version can be viewed at www.nfpa.org. [Winter, 2003]
SMACNA IAQ Guidelines For Occupied Buildings Under Construction - this is an excellent resource to use in identifying potential hazards related to indoor air quality during construction. It gives an overview of the types of air-borne pollutants, as well as when and where they are likely to be encountered [Spring, 2001]
SMACNA Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Manual – this provides basic information about various PPE used by sheet metal workers. The best part is the charts that provide guidance on how to select the appropriate type of PPE when options are available.
SMACNA Press Brake Safety Compliance Kit – this contains a video and a booklet to help with establishing a press brake program and providing training to employees when guards have to be removed to perform tasks.
Safety Toolbox Talks – SMACNA has produced four volumes of general topic toolbox talks relevant to the sheet metal industry. Two short volumes on ladders and HAZCOM are available as well.
Ladder Safety Toolbox Talks – this is a booklet of 15 ladder safety toolbox talks with handy sign-in sheets on the back of each. [Winter, 2000]
ITI Sheet Metal Safety Handbook – this is the 1999 edition of the pocket handbook developed by ITI for sheet metal workers. Apprentices should be receiving a copy as part of their training. Contractors can order copies for journeyman through the local JATC.
Physical Stress Management Program – this is a multi-media package of ergonomics training tools developed by SMOHIT. Contact SMOHIT to order (703-739-7200)
Insulation Safety Training Video - a FREE video and literature from the North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA). Write to NAIMA, 44 Canal Center Plaza, Ste 310, Alexandria, VA 22314 or call (703) 684-0084 or fax (703) 684-0427 or visit the website at www.naima.org. [Summer, 2001]
OSHA Training at the University of Washington - information about the Online Institute and the class schedule, you can call the Region X Training Institute at 800-326-7568 or visit its website at www.regionxoti.org. For information about Continuing Education classes contact the University of Washington's Northwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety at (206) 543-1069 or via email at ce@u.washington.edu [Summer, 2001]
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Recordkeeping - OSHA 300
It's OSHA 300 posting time!!!! Here are key points to remember in complying with recordkeeping requirements as of January 1, 2004. [Winter, 2004]
OSHA 300 recordkeeping requirements took effect on January 1, 2002. Federal OSHA is producing information on an on-going basis about the new recordkeeping requirements. The best place to start, however, is with the Overview that is included in the OSHA 300 packet of documents. As questions are raised, OSHA intends to publish guidance on its website at www.osha.gov under Recordkeeping FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions). WISHA will also be producing information as well. After reading the Overview, my advice is that if your are in doubt, RECORD IT. You can always cross through it when you review your log at the end of the year. Here is a basic crib sheet for recording purposes: [Winter, 2002]
The new system uses three 8.5 x 11" forms: an OSHA 300 log form, an OSHA 300A summary form for posting, and an OSHA 301 incident report. For every recordable incident, you will need to record it within 7 working days on the OSHA 300 log AND complete an OSHA 301 form. Employers may use equivalent forms so long as they collect the same information, are readable and easily understandable. [The current State of Washington workers' compensation form does NOT satisfy all of the information requirements for the OSHA 301 form. Thus, employers should complete an OSHA 301 form for every recordable incident - unless another form is used to gather this information.] Information may be kept electronically but it must be available within four (4) hours upon request by an authorized government representative.
The OSHA 300A form is the summary form that will be completed for posting in February, March & April of 2003. Make sure you set up your system to assure that the log can be produced for each establishment. Note that additional information for each establishment will be needed: industry description, SIC code, annual average number of employees, total hours worked by all employees in 2002.
For every injury or illness, go through this process. Determine:
1. Is it a new case? (for now, presume that it IS unless one of the exceptions applies)
2. Is it work-related? (for now, presume that it IS unless one of the exceptions applies)
3. Is it recordable under general criteria? A work-related injury or illness IS recordable if it results in one or more of the following:
(new criteria in bold text)
- death,
- days away from work,
- restricted work or transfer to another job,
- medical treatment beyond first aid,
- loss of consciousness,
- a significant work-related injury or illness diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional,
- cancer,
- chronic irreversible disease,
- a fractured or cracked bone,
- a punctured eardrum.
4. Is it recordable under special criteria? The following types of incidents must ALWAYS be recorded:
- those incidents where there is exposure due to needlesticks and other sharps contaminated with blood or Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM) (could be an injury or illness);
- those situations where an employee is removed due to medical surveillance requirements under a safety standard (e.g., lead exposure would be a poisoning illness);
- those cases involving work-related TB exposure (TB would be a respiratory illness);
5. If it is recordable, is it a privacy case where no name goes on the forms but a separate tracking system is needed?
6. Does a first aid exception apply? The list of exceptions is absolute. They apply to injuries and illnesses
To calculate time loss AND restricted duty:
- count the number of calendar days (not lost workdays) the employee is unable to work his/her regular job as a result of the incident regardless of whether or not the employee was scheduled to work on those days. (e.g., include weekends, vacation, holidays, days off)
- the count begins on the day after incident occurred
- the total days away from work or restricted work days (or the total of both) for any incident may be "capped" at 180 calendar days
- at least one day of restricted work must be recorded even if the employee is permanently transferred into another position or assigned other duties
Record all work-related hearing loss claims (unless you have written documentation of less than a 25db change from baseline corrected for age)
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Respiratory Protection
Check back for more information.
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Safety Tips
Did you know that it is illegal to put mercury-containing thermostats into the garbage? Under the Washington Mercury Reduction Act of 2003 these must be recycled or handled as hazardous waste because they contain mercury (see WAC 173-303-573). In essence, when wall-mounted thermostats are replaced or upgraded, contractors can bring out-of-service thermostats back to a participating wholesaler that has bins to collect and recycle the thermostats. (Mercury switches should not be removed from the thermostat body.) Householders can bring mercury thermostats to household hazardous waste collection facilities or to the Wastemobile.
Here are key contacts to get more information on the program: [Summer, 2003]
A list of participating wholesalers can be found at www.metrokc.gov/hazwaste/yb . Look under "thermostats."
Black & Decker announced a recall to repair select 18-volt cordless drill/drivers. The drill's switch can malfunction and overheat, posing the possibility of a fire hazard to users. The cordless drill/drivers are orange or jade and have the words "Black & Decker" printed on the body of the drill. Approximately 265,000 of the recalled 18-volt cordless units were sold from September 1997 through February 2002 for between $50 and $80. The drill/drivers were sold separately and as part of various tool kits. ONLY FOUR MODELS WITH SPECIFIC DATE CODES ARE RECALLED. If you think one of yours drill/drivers may be subject to this recall, stop using the drill/driver immediately, remove the battery and contact Black & Decker. For more information about the products affected and the free repair process, contact Black & Decker toll free at (866) 821-5444 between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time Monday through Friday. Or log on to the internet to the company's website at www.blackanddecker.com. [Fall, 2003]
Do you need to get rid of an old TV set or computer monitor? King County has banned disposal of them into regular garbage. The ban focuses on the lead that is contained in the cathode ray tubes (CRTs) inside the units. Here are two resources for donation and recycling options: Metro King County's Computer Recovery Project has a list of disposal options (call 206-684-3000 or visit its website at http://dnr.metrokc.gov/swd/where.shtml). The Business and Industry Resource Venture has a database of recycle referrals (visit its website at http://www.resourceventure.org/database.org.htm, under "Office Materials") This information taken from Seattle Public Utilities Fall, 2003 Newsletter [Fall, 2003]
Here are two types of emergency preparedness products that are always a good idea for gifts: [Fall, 2003]
- "NightStar" Flashlight available through Not a Number, Inc. dba ShakeLight.com For more information,
check out the company website at www.ShakeLight.com or call 877.879.1669 Toll Free in the Continental U.S. or 206.784.0965 Phone/Fax in the Seattle area and outside the Continental U.S. or email to 6@NotANumberinc.com
- Solar Powered AM/FM Dynamo Hand Crank Radio available through Seattle Chapter of American Red Cross. For information check out the chapter's website at www.seattleredcross.org or call 206-323-2345 or email to productsales@seattleredcross.org
To monitor new employees, Hermanson Company requires new shop employees to wear a special colored vest. This vest is an indicator to other staff that the person is new and should be supervised more closely. This practice is often used on large construction sites as well where anyone on the site less than one week is required to wear a special colored vest.
[Summer, 2001]
Here is a list of basic training the Risk Management Committee would recommend that a new designated safety contact receive:
All agreed that an OSHA 10 card was essential as a beginning (OSHA 10 trainer certification could be obtained at a later point). Forklift training and first aid/CPR would be good as well. Powder-actuated tool certification was not recommended as there are too many makes and models, and the liability too great. Using manufacturer representatives was thought to be the best for this training. [Summer, 2001]
McKinstry Co. came up with a great idea for outfitting its service vehicles: The safety bag.
In addition to a fire extinguisher and a first aid kit, McKinstry places a safety bag in each vehicle that contains the following items: 6 ea. 15 minute fuses; 1 roll barricade yellow tape; 1 roll barricade red tape; 1 pk Kwik wipes (6o wipes/pack); 1 ea Eyesaline (16 oz bottle); 1 bx lens cleaning wipes; 1 ea 18” vinyl load flag; 1 pr knee pads; 1 can inflate-a-flat; 50 ft ¼” poly rope; 1 pr Monogoggle with felt lining. McKinstry has arranged for a vendor to assemble these items in 36”x15” orange cordura bags with its company name on them. The items selected for inclusion in the bags were chosen by the Safety Committee based on input from the service workers. The company has extra bags as well as extra supplies for replacement of items as necessary. [Summer, 1999].
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Water Intrusion/Mold
In September, 2003 the Risk Management Program sponsored two sessions related to this topic. Below is a list of website addresses where additional resource information can be found: [Fall, 2003]
- GallagherConstructionServices.com has developed a Mold Action Plan which can be downloaded in whole or in any of the prevention or remediation components
- smacna.org has a comprehensive list of handy websites linked on this topic
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Workers’ Compensation
Here is the annual analysis of industry-specific workers compensation data. Below are statistics that were derived from a report that reflected all claims filed for 3404 & 0307, the sheet metal risk classifications, for the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/03. FYI, the information provided for the previous years is also included so you can see if and how things have changed. [Winter, 2004]
TOTAL NUMBER OF CLAIMS FILED:
For the years 1994 through 1999YTD as of 10/99, 25,047 claims were filed that accounted for 367,496 days of time loss paid with a total cost of $66.3 million as of 10/99.
For the years 1994 through 2000YTD as of 09/00, 28,750 claims had been filed that accounted for 454,855 days of time loss paid with a total cost of $83.6 million as of 09/00.
For the years 1994 through 2001YTD as of 09/01, 32,618 claims had been filed that accounted for 571,169 days of time loss paid with a total cost of $104,058,158 as of 09/01.
For the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/02, 35,876 claims had been filed that accounted for 677,475 days of time loss paid with a total cost of $123,767,431 as of 09/02.
For the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/03, 38,793 claims had been filed that accounted for 799,443 days of time loss paid with a total cost of $148,573,197 as of 09/03.
NUMBER OF CLAIMS FILED PER YEAR:
For the years 1994 through 1999YTD as of 10/99 the number of claims filed per year decreased slightly over time from 4610 in 1994 to 4315 in 1998, with 2815 reported in 1999 as of 10/99.
For the years 1994 through 2000YTD as of 09/00 the number of claims filed per year has continued to decrease slightly over time from 4610 in 1994 to 4285 in 1999, with 2484 reported in 2000 as of 09/00.
For the years 1994 through 2001YTD as of 09/01, the number of claims filed has continued to decrease slightly over time from 4493 in 1994 to 4135 in 2000, with 2162 reported in 2001 as of 09/01.
For the years 1994 through 2002YTD as of 09/02, the number of claims filed has continued to decrease slightly over time from 4495 in 1994 to 3438 in 2001, with 1953 reported in 2002 as of 09/02.
For the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/03, the number of claims filed has continued to decrease slightly over time from 4498 in 1994 to 3059 in 2002, with 1784 reported in 2003 as of 09/03.
SEVERITY OF CLAIMS
(AS REFLECTED IN LARGER TOTAL COST PER CLAIM):
For the years 1994 through 1999 YTD as of 10/99 the severity of the claims filed increased over time as the percentage of claims with total claim costs over $10,000 went from 4.69% in 1994 to 5.70% in 1998.
For the years 1994 through 2000YTD as of 09/00 the severity of the claims filed has begun to decrease as the percentage of claims with total costs over $10,000 was 5.69% in 1999.
For the years 1994 through 2001YTD as of 09/01, the severity of the claims continues to decrease as the percentage of claims with total costs over $10,000 went down. [e.g., They now represent 6.60% of all claims filed in 1998, 6.37% of all claims filed in 1999 and 5.39% of all claims filed in 2000.]
For the years 1994 through 2002YTD as of 09/02, the severity of the claims continues to decrease as the percentage of claims with total costs over $10,000 went down. [e.g., They now represent 6.68% of all claims filed in 1999, 6.07% of all claims filed in 2000 and 5.85% of all claims filed in 2001.]
For the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/03, the severity of the claims continues to decrease as the percentage of claims with total costs over $10,000 went down. [e.g., They now represent 6.68% of all claims filed in 1999, 6.07% of all claims filed in 2000 and 5.85% of all claims filed in 2001.]
PERCENTAGE OF DISEASE CLAIMS:
For the years 1994 through 1999YTD as of 10/99 the percentage of disease claims increased over time as the percentage went from 2.78% in 1994 to 3.34% in 1998.
For the years 1994 through 2000YTD as of 09/00 the percentage of disease claims for 1999 was slightly lower (2.89%) but the overall average of disease claims filed for all years remains about 2.7% of all claims filed.
For the years 1994 through 2001YTD as of 09/01, the percentage of disease claims for 2000 was 2.95% but the overall average of disease claims filed for all years remains about 3% of all claims filed. Hearing loss claims account for 33-50% of all disease claims filed.
For the years 1994 through 2002YTD as of 09/02, the percentage of disease claims appears to be increasing. However, hearing loss claims account for a decreasing percentage of both disease claims and of all claims filed. Since 1994, there have been 419 hearing loss claims filed that represent $5,439,559 in claims costs. THE AVERAGE COST OF A HEARING LOSS CLAIM IS $12,982.
For the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/03, the percentage of disease claims appears to be increasing. However, hearing loss claims account for a decreasing percentage of both disease claims and of all claims filed. Since 1994, there have been 470 hearing loss claims filed that represent $6.2 million in claims costs. THE AVERAGE COST OF A HEARING LOSS CLAIM IS $13,175.
OF THE TOTAL COSTS PAID OUT TO DATE:
For the years 1994 through 1999YTD as of 10/99 of the $66.3 million paid out to date:
- sprains to the back and neck alone accounted for approximately 3,000 claims and $15 million in costs;
- 275 hearing loss claims account for $3.6 million;
- injuries to hands/fingers and eyes are the next most prevalent and costly types of claims.
For the years 1994 through 2000YTD as of 09/00 of the $83.6 million paid out to date:
- sprains to all body parts represent 7,200 claims and $36 million paid out (sprains to the back and neck alone account for approximately 4,000 claims and $22 million in costs);
- contusions resulted in 2,500 claims at a cost of $4.8 million;
- cuts account for 9,700 claims at a cost of $6 million;
- 1,000 claims for fractures cost $7 million;
- 1,400 claims for "ill-defined symptoms" cost $8.2 million;
- 317 hearing loss claims (with no time loss) resulted in $4.3 million paid out.
For the years 1994 through 2001YTD as of 09/01, of the $104,058,158 paid out to date:
- sprains to all body parts represent 8,170 claims and $45 million paid out (sprains to the back and neck alone account for approximately 4,200 claims and $26 million in costs);
- contusions resulted in 2,813 claims at a cost of $6.1 million;
- cuts account for 10,932 claims at a cost of $7.2 million;
- 1,112 claims for fractures and 234 dislocations cost $11.7 million;
- 322 claims for nerve conditions to arms/hands/wrists cost $3.6 million;
- 1,673 claims for "ill-defined symptoms" cost $10.1 million;
- 373 hearing loss claims (with no time loss) resulted in $5.1 million paid out.
For the years 1994 through 2002YTD as of 09/02, of the $123,767,431 paid out to date :
- sprains to all body parts represent 8,941 claims and $54.7 million paid out (sprains to the back and neck alone account for approximately 4,680 claims and $32.9 million in costs);
- contusions resulted in 3,060 claims at a cost of $7.5 million;
- cuts account for 11,804 claims at a cost of $8.1 million;
- 1,210 claims for fractures and 254 dislocations cost $13.5 million;
- 322 claims for nerve conditions to arms/hands/wrists cost $3.6 million;
- 1,879 claims for "ill-defined symptoms" cost $13.1 million;
- 419 hearing loss claims (with no time loss) resulted in $5.4 million paid out.
For the years 1994 through 2003YTD as of 09/03, of the $148,573,197 paid out to date:
- sprains to all body parts represent 9,756 claims and $64.1 million paid out (sprains to the back and neck alone account for approximately 5,391 claims and $38.3 million in costs);
- 2,061 claims for "ill-defined symptoms" cost $16.8 million;
- 1,334 claims for fractures and 294 dislocations cost $16 million;
- cuts/scratches account for 17,459 claims at a cost of $10.9 million;
- contusions resulted in 3,298 claims at a cost of $8.5 million;
- 470 hearing loss claims (with no time loss) resulted in $6.2 million paid out;
- 396 claims for nerve conditions to arms/hands/wrists cost $5.5 million;
- 733 bursitis claims cost $4.5 million;
- "multiple injuries" account for 415 claims at a cost of $4.1 million;
- 31 nervous system claims cost $2.1 million.
Do you know how and when a company's experience factor is determined? A snapshot is taken on June 1 of every year to calculate the factor that will be used for the following calendar year. (E.g., Experience factors for calendar year 2004 were calculated on June 1, 2003. Costs for claims with injury dates between 07/01/1999 and 06/30/2002 were used.) However, official notices will not be mailed out until mid-December. If you want to find out what you company's experience factor is earlier than that, contact your L&I Policy Manager. The name and phone number of your Policy Manager can be found on your quarterly premium notice or annual rate notice. Ask to have a rate calculation report ("rate calc") run for your company. You may be asked to submit this request in writing. A letter containing your UBI and L&I account numbers must be produced on your company letterhead and signed by an authorized representative. [Fall, 2003]
The Department of Labor & Industries has issued its final rule related to the calculation of a worker's wages in a workers compensation claim. On May 16, 2003 the Department sent out a notice to all interested parties informing them that the proposed rule to WAC 296-14-256 that was issued in November of 2002 has been adopted with only changes in format. This rule was written to provide the methods and factors to be used to calculate the monthly wages of injured workers and crime victims. They were developed as a result of and in response to the WA State Supreme Court decision Cockle v Dept of Labor & Industries. They clarify the basis for establishing a worker's wage, provide a uniform definition of "wage," provide guidelines to determine if an employer-provided benefit qualifies as "consideration of like nature" to board, housing and fuel, implement the Cockle decision for determining the value of "consideration of like nature" and when it should be included in the worker's monthly wage, and explain how overtime is taken into consideration under RCW 51.08.178(1) & (2). FYI, the Cockle decision expanded the list of factors that must be included in calculating a worker's wage for time loss payments. For more information about how this rule affects benefits and costs charged to your company's claims, contact L&I or your RETRO Administrator. [Summer, 2003]
Do you communicate incident information to your employees? As a part of pro-active safety efforts, many contractors provide information about incidents. Here are some key points to consider if you want to do this:
First, in describing the incident, focus on what happened and why, and what steps have be taken to prevent another similar incident from occurring. Leave out the specifics about who was involved as the purpose of the communication is education.
Second, emphasize the “costs” associated with each incident beginning with the personal cost to the individual. Dollars spent affect every party to the workers’ compensation system. But the person who potentially pays the greatest price is the injured worker, with money being the least “expensive” factor. Pain, permanent impairment and loss of ability to engage in certain activities are but a few items to point out.
Third, try and communicate information in segments that will be meaningful to individual workers. For example, if fiscal impact is being discussed, present the amount of money per hour each worker would pay/save if circumstances were different. Multiplying that amount by the 2080 hours per year oftentimes makes a greater impact. [Fall, 1999]
Here are rule changes that have been proposed as part of the 2004 rate increase/risk classification process. Contact your L&I Policy Manager if you have any questions about these provisions. The name and phone number of your Policy Manager can be found on your quarterly premium notice or annual rate notice. [Fall, 2003]
- Valuation of occupational disease claims for the purpose of experience rating of is re-defined. WAC 296-17-870(6) has been amended as follows: "When a claim results from an employee's exposure to an occupational disease hazard, the "date of injury" for the purpose of experience rating, will be the date the disability was diagnosed and that gave rise to the filing of a claim for benefits. The cost of a claim for occupational disease will be prorated among the state fund employers who contributed to the condition. All exposure associated with non-state fund employers will be excluded from the pro rata rate calculation. To determine the percentage of liability that an employer is responsible for, the department will divide the amount of time the employee worked for the employer that exposed the employee to the hazard by the total length of state fund employment attributable to the occupational disease hazard. State fund employers will be charged their pro rata share of an occupational disease claim when:
- They exposed the worker to the hazard that gave rise to the occupational disease AND
- [They are] responsible for at least ten percent of the state fund injurious exposure AND
- The injurious exposure falls within the experience rating period."
- Reciprocal agreements with other states. WAC 296-17-31009 has the list of states that have reciprocal agreements with Washington State (Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota and Wyoming). These agreements detail coverage and jurisdiction issues for Washington-based employees working for on temporary assignment in another state. This section has been amended to include the text of each of these agreements since provisions vary by state.
- A special exemption risk classification has been added under construction. Here is the proposed change:
"Construction: Superintendent or project manager - Classification 4900 (WAC 17-64999) will apply if the superintendent or project manager:
- Is an employee of a licensed contractor engaged in construction,
- Has no direct control over work crews,
- Performs no construction labor at the construction site or project location.
If all of the conditions are not met, the superintendent or project manager is to be reported in the basic classification applicable to the construction project."
Workers' compensation claims continue to increase in number and cost for the industry. Below are a few tips you may want to consider for your program: [Spring, 2000]
Educate your employees about the costs associated with on-the-job incidents. Many employers develop charts that show the fiscal impact of experience factor calculations on employee payroll deductions and on operating costs. Consider developing similar materials that emphasize the human cost as well, particularly the “price” paid by the injured worker and his family.
Promote the use of safety glasses to limit eye injuries. Many of the large contractors underwrite all or a portion of the costs of prescription safety glasses for those workers who need them. Details vary by company but each program has the following components: a minimum length of service with the company; a designated amount that will be paid by the company; a schedule for how often a worker may receive the benefit. Some contractors reimburse when a valid receipt is submitted, others have arrangements with specific vendors so no money has to be paid out by the worker.
Make better use of job modification monies, whenever possible, when returning an injured worker back to work. Up to $5,000 per claim may be available to purchase equipment or tools, or make adjustments to the worksite or job task, so long these allow a worker to return to work despite restrictions related to the claim. These monies are not charged to the claim. [For a good summary of this program, request a copy of Provider Bulletin 99-11 published in December 1999 by the Health Services Analysis Section of the Department of Labor & Industries, Olympia, WA 98504-4322]
Always submit information about a claim to the Department of Labor & Industries on plain, white, 8.5”x11” paper. The imaging system is sensitive and does NOT LIKE: legal length forms, double-sided correspondence, irregular sized notes, documents smaller than 3”x5”, highlighter markings (use underline or asterisk to emphasize), colored paper, thick or textured paper, paper with shaded areas, carbonless paper.
Become more knowledgeable about the Local 66 Employee Assistance Program (EAP). A referral for counseling may be appropriate for workers who are having difficulty with complex medical problems and return to work issues.
What would your company do if a worker fell through a floor opening 8 feet onto a concrete surface below? Decisions always need to be made based on the situation at hand. Preparing for these types of events and communicating what actions should be taken are essential. Last week, an incident like this occurred. The employee landed on his bottom and stayed there for awhile before getting up. All thought everything was ok. Later in the shift, however, the worker requested to be released early because he was having some difficulty. So, he drove off the jobsite and went home to rest. Later that night the worker began to experience extreme pain so was taken to the emergency room. Diagnosis: broken back. Treatment: hospitalization for 3 days, brace traction until healed and then physical therapy. Prognosis: off work for 4-6 weeks minimum. No one can be forced to seek medical treatment following an incident. But chances are, following a fall like this, the likelihood of sustaining an injury is high. Driving and/or poor posture while resting could have exacerbated the situation as well. Employee well being should always be top priority. Calling an ambulance or taking an employee to the hospital to assure nothing is wrong may be the best course of action, despite initial objections. If given this situation, what would you want you foremen or lead workers to do? [Summer, 2000]
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